Neuroscience is the study of the nervous system, which includes the brain, the spinal cord and networks of sensory nerve cells (neurons) throughout the body.
In the human brain, cells talk to one another through the routine exchange of electrical signals.
But when people fall into deep sleep, the higher regions of the brain, regions that during waking hours are a bustling grid of neural dialogue - apparently lose their ability to communicate effectively, causing consciousness to fade.
The Challenge is to understand how the human brain functions and find ways to prevent or cure the many devastating neurological and psychiatric disorders.